Introduction
Competing interests (also known as conflicts of interests — COIs) are ubiquitous. One definition is as follows:
“A conflict of interest (COI) is a situation in which a person or organization is involved in multiple interests, financial interest, or otherwise, one of which could possibly corrupt the motivation of the individual or organization. The presence of a conflict of interest is independent of the occurrence of impropriety.”
Publishers have interpreted CIs in a number of ways: one example is from the PLOS journals
“A competing interest is anything that interferes with, or could reasonably be perceived as interfering with, the full and objective presentation, peer review, editorial decision-making, or publication of research or non-research articles submitted to a journal. Competing interests can be financial or nonfinancial, professional, or personal. Competing interests can arise in relationship to an organization or another person.” The Wiley definition is noted here.
It is also useful to note that competing interests may arise in the conduct of research itself, and in the context of publishing are thus not restricted to the presentation, peer review, decision making, or publication of articles in journals.
These generally understood principles are shared by many journals and publishers. Their interpretation into policy, however, varies (for example, journals ask for a variety of levels of disclosure for financial competing interests).
This is an extract. Refer to the PDF for the full discussion document.
About this resource
Written by COPE Council
Version 1 January 2016
How to cite this
COPE Council. COPE Discussion Document: Handling competing interests. July 2016. https://doi.org/10.24318/ElTeSLhp
Our COPE materials are available to use under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Attribution — You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they
endorse you or your use of the work).
Non-commercial — You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works — You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. We ask that you give full accreditation to COPE with a link to our website: publicationethics.org